Lepa (ship)

''Lepa'', also known as ''lipa'' or ''lepa-lepa'', are indigenous ships of the Sama-Bajau people in the Philippines and Malaysia.
They were traditionally used as houseboats by the seagoing Sama Dilaut. Since most Sama have abandoned exclusive sea-living, modern ''lepa'' are instead used as fishing boats and cargo vessels.

''Lepa'' are medium-sized boats, usually averaging at in length, and around in width; with the hull averaging at in height. ''Lepa'' is also known as ''pidlas'', among land-dwelling Sama. Very large ''lepa'' are known as ''kumpit''. They can reach lengths of and are most often used as trade ships. Family ''lepa'' usually tow smaller daughter ships, like the ''buggoh'' or the '' birau''. ''Lepa'' can also be used as a generic term for "boat" in the various Sama-Bajau groups; the ''vinta'', for example, is also known as ''lepa-lepa''. ''Lepa'' nowadays are increasingly being replaced by motor-powered outrigger canoes, the ''pambot'' ("pump boat").

Description

The keel of ''lepa'' is made from a shallow dugout known as the ''tadas'' or ''lunas''. It is built up along the sides with strakes that are narrower than the keel. An additional three sideboards are joined edge-to-edge to the topmost strake (the gunwales), extending from the stern. They are known as (bottom to top) ''bengkol'', ''kapi kapi'', and ''koyang koyang''. They do not extend fully towards the prow, forming a distinctive gap at the front hull of the ship. The hull tapers sharply at the prow and stern. Like in other indigenous Philippine ships, the hull of the ''lepa'' is traditionally fitted together by dowels (''tambuko'') and fiber lashings instead of nails. A detachable house-like structure (the ''kubu'' or ''balutu'') is often built in the center of the hull, with a removable decking known as ''lantai'' as the floor. The roof (''sapaw'') is made with plaited nipa leaves mounted on detachable Y-shaped posts. The portable cooking hearth (''lappohan'') is located in the stern deck, along with stored food (''lutu'') and water jars (''kibut'').

''Lepa'' has a single sail (''lamak''), mounted on a mast socketed into the keel through the front decking. Like the roof posts, it can be detached as needed. ''Lepa'' can also be propelled by paddles (''dayung'') or quant poles. Modern ''lepa'' are almost universally fitted with motor engines.

''Lepa'' can be differentiated from other native boats in the region (like the ''djenging'' and ''vinta'', which are also used as houseboats) in that the ''lepa'' does not have outriggers. The prow and the stern are also made from flat carved blocks of wood, and not posts or curving planks as in vessels like the ''balangay''. The bow (''mundaˊ'') and the stern (''buliˊ'') are low on the water to make the casting and gathering nets easier, as well as facilitate poling and rowing.

''Lepa'' are traditionally decorated with elaborate flowery designs known as ''okil'' (also spelled ''ukkil''). The prow, especially, often features a large beautifully-carved bowsprit called the ''jungal'' or ''jungar''.

Traditions

In the Philippines and Malaysia, there are usually no rituals involved in the making or the launching of the ''lepa'', probably a result of the higher level of Islamization of indigenous Sama beliefs. In eastern Indonesia however, prayers and rituals are associated with the joining of the keel with the bow and stern blocks, and the drilling of the mast post (the "navel" of the ship). After the latter, the boat is launched for the first time, and symbolically becomes the child of the boat owner.

In the nomadic past of the Sama Dilaut, before a young man was to be married, his family would build or buy him a ''lepa'', so he and his wife could live as an independent fishing unit. Upon his death, his ''lepa'' would be disassembled and served as his coffin for burial.

Before undertaking long or dangerous journeys, ''lepa'' are often blessed with magic spells (''haligmun'') by the village shaman. These include spells that supposedly makes them invisible to pirates or deflect bullets. Sama-Bajau also sometimes make a pledge (''magjanji) to God (''Tuhan'') or to ancestor spirits (''umboh'') in a crisis at sea, or when a boat fails to return home. When the boat is safe, the pledge is paid by a thanksgiving feast called the ''magmaulud'' or ''magbajanji''.

Regatta Lepa

Regatta Lepa is an annual boat festival in Semporna, Malaysia, celebrating the boat-building tradition of the Sama-Bajau communities in Sabah.

See also

* Tempel (boat)
* Djenging
* Garay (ship)
* Balangay
* Kora kora
* Lancaran (ship)
* Guilalo

References

{{Indonesian traditional vessels

Indigenous ships of the Philippines
Houseboats
Boats of Indonesia
Sailboat types